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最小公倍式

  • 最小公倍式

多项式m(x)m(x)称为f(x)f(x)与g(x)g(x)的最小公倍式(记:[f(x),g(x)]=m0(x)[f(x),g(x)]=m_0(x),m0(x)m_0(x)首系为1),如果满足:

(1) f(x)∣m(x),g(x)∣m(x)f(x)|m(x), g(x)|m(x);

(2) f(x)f(x)与g(x)g(x)的任一公倍式都是m(x)m(x)的倍式.

证明:[f(x),g(x)]=f(x)g(x)(f(x),g(x))[f(x),g(x)]=\dfrac{f(x)g(x)}{(f(x),g(x))}. (f(x),g(x)首系为1f(x),g(x)首系为1).

证: 记m(x)=f(x)g(x)(f(x),g(x))m(x)=\dfrac{f(x)g(x)}{(f(x),g(x))}

显然(1)f(x)∣m(x),g(x)∣m(x)f(x)|m(x), g(x)|m(x)成立, 只需证明(2)成立。

设h(x)h(x)是f(x)f(x)与g(x)g(x)的公倍式(f∣h,g∣hf|h,g|h),只需证明m(x)∣h(x)m(x)|h(x).

实际上,f(x)(f(x),g(x))∣h(x)(f(x),g(x))\left.\dfrac{f(x)}{(f(x),g(x))}\right|\dfrac{h(x)}{(f(x),g(x))}, g(x)(f(x),g(x))∣h(x)(f(x),g(x))\left.\dfrac{g(x)}{(f(x),g(x))}\right|\dfrac{h(x)}{(f(x),g(x))}

且(f(x)(f(x),g(x)),g(x)(f(x),g(x)))=1(\dfrac{f(x)}{(f(x),g(x))},\dfrac{g(x)}{(f(x),g(x))})=1

⟹f(x)g(x)(f(x),g(x))2∣h(x)(f(x),g(x))\Longrightarrow \left.\dfrac{f(x)g(x)}{(f(x),g(x))^2}\right|\dfrac{h(x)}{(f(x),g(x))}

⟹f(x)g(x)(f(x),g(x))∣h(x)\Longrightarrow \left.\dfrac{f(x)g(x)}{(f(x),g(x))}\right|h(x), 得证。